Should

Se usa "should" para dar o pedir consejo o para dar opiniones en el presente:

• "I have a terrible stomachache." "You should go to the doctor's."
• "I haven’t heard from my father." "You should call him."
• "She's not happy with the salary offered." "She shouldn't accept the job."

Forma

Se usa "should" / "shouldn't" + el infinitivo del verbo principal (sin "to")

Ejemplo

I You He, She, It We They	should	do	more exercise.
		get	a new car.
	shouldn't (should not)	smoke.
		spend	so much money.

Should	I you he / she / it we they	get	more qualifications?
		wear	something different?

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Should have

Se usa "should have" para dar su opinión o pedir su opinión en el presente en relación a algo que sucedió en el pasado:

• "I had a terrible stomachache." "You should have gone to the doctor’s."
• "I didn’t hear from my father last week." "You should have called him."
• "She isn't happy with the salary she’s getting." "She shouldn't have accepted the job."

Forma

Se usa "should" / "shouldn't have" + el participio pasado del verbo principal

Ejemplo

I You He / She / It We They	should have	taken	a taxi.
	shouldn't have	written	that comment.

Should

I you he / she / it we they

have worked

overtime?

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Práctica

Dar o pedir consejo usando el verbo entre paréntesis:

.

1)

He    the position. (accept)

 

2)

You    mobile phones in the classroom. (not allow)

 

3)

   we    that we cheated? (admit)

 

4)

They    work early yesterday. (not leave)

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Have to

Se usa "have to" para mostrar que una persona está obligada a hacer algo, por lo general debido a una fuerza externa, "have to" también se puede usar para expresar opinión:

• You have to show your passport at passport control.
  (It's the law = Es la ley)
• Jenny has to do homework every evening.
  (Her parents told her to do her homework = Sus padres le dijeron que hiciera sus deberes)
• Tom had to work late last night.
  (He hadn't finished his work = no había terminado su trabajo)
• You have to tell him!
  (Esta es mi opinión (firme))
• You don’t have to eat that if you don’t like it.
  (I am not obliging you to eat it = No te estoy obligando a que lo comas)

Forma

El presente simple de "have" + "to" + infinitivo (sin "to")
or
The past simple of 'have' + to + infinitive (without to)

Ejemplo

I You We They	have to	leave the house early to catch the bus. care for the children.
He / She / It	has to
I You We They	don't have to	leave the house early to catch the bus. care for the children.
He / She / It	doesn't have to

Do	I you we they	have to	work on Saturday?
Does	he / she / it		attend the conference?

I You He / She / It We They	had to	leave the house early to catch the bus. care for the children.
I You He / She / It We They	didn't have to	leave the house early to catch the bus. care for the children.

Did

I you he / she / it we they

have to

work on Saturday? attend the conference?

Práctica

Dar o pedir consejo usando el verbo entre paréntesis:

.

1)

You    to the internet to send an email. (connect)

 

2)

Adrian    every weekend unless he wants to. (not train)

 

3)

   you    your passport at the border? (show)

 

4)

Amy    30 hours a week last year. (teach)

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Must

"Must" también se usa para hablar de obligación y se usa en reglas e instrucciones escritas:

• You must submit your proposal by noon on 12th July.
• You must not use a calculator during the exam.

"Must" también se usa para hacer una recomendación firme:

• You must tell him before it's too late.
• You mustn't be late for work on your first day.

Forma

"must" o "mustn't" ("must not") + el infinitivo del verbo (sin "to")

Ejemplo

I You He / She / It We They	must mustn't	report	the theft to the police immediately.
		forget	to transfer the money.

Must

I you he / she / it we they

go?

Si bien las preguntas con "must" son gramaticalmente correctas, hoy en día suele ser más habitual usar "have to" en las preguntas.

"Must" denotando obligación no se suele usar en el pasado:

• We had to show our passports at the border.
• We weren’t allowed to use calculators in the exam.
  Or, we couldn’t use calculators in the exam.

Práctica

Dar o pedir consejo usando el verbo entre paréntesis:

.

1)

You    late for the train. (not be)

 

2)

We    their wedding anniversary. (celebrate)

 

3)

You    the application form in black ink. (complete)

 

4)

He    his dog chew the furniture. (not let)

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Más práctica

Elija la respuesta correcta para completar la frase: a, b, c ó d.
.

1)

You ____ remember to close the windows when you leave the house.
 

must

don't have to

mustn't

shouldn't

 

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2)

You ____ eat fast food every day. It’s very bad for you.
 

must

shouldn't

don't have to

have to

 

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3)

Maria ____ the operation but she was too scared. Now she’s very ill.
 

should have

must have

should have had

must have had

 

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4)

Juan ____ visit Prague once a month for meetings, but he enjoys it.
 

have to

should have

should

has to

 

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5)

You ____ perform that song. It’s offensive.
 

should

should have

mustn't

don't have to

 

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6)

You ____ come with me. I’m happy to go alone.
 

should have

mustn't have

must

don't have to

 

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Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit