Einführung

Das Passiv wird am häufigsten verwendet für:

• formales oder wissenschaftliches Schreiben, Aufsätze, Berichte, Artikel
• Nachrichten: Schlagzeilen, Berichterstattung.

Wir verwenden das Passiv, wenn das Objekt (die Person oder Sache), der die Handlung zuteil wird, wichtiger als die Person oder Sache, die die Handlung durchführt, ist. Zum Beispiel:

• Das Feuer wurde von Robin
• gemacht.

oder, wenn wir nicht wissen, wer oder was die Handlung durchführt:

• My car was stolen last night.

Form

Wir bilden das Passiv mit:
„be" + Partizip Perfekt des Hauptverbs.

Das Passiv im Simple Present - Beispiele:

Objekt	Verb „be"	Hauptverb	Ergänzung	Betreff
The experiment	is isn't is not	carried out	every week	by scientists at the university.
The experiments	are aren't are not	carried out	every week.

Verb „be"	Objekt	Hauptverb	Ergänzung	Betreff
Are	the experiments	carried out	every week?

Das Passiv im Simple Past - Beispiele:

Objekt	Verb „be"	Hauptverb	Ergänzung	Betreff
The experiment	was wasn't was not	carried out	every week	by scientists at the university.
The experiments	were weren't were not	carried out	every week.

Verb „be"	Objekt	Hauptverb	Ergänzung	Betreff
Were	the experiments	carried out	every week?

Das Passiv kann in jeder Zeitform verwendet werden:

Objekt (empfängt die Handlung)	Verb „be" (unterschiedliche Zeiten)	Hauptverb (Partizip Perfekt)
The dogs	are	fed.
	are being
	were
	were being
	are going to be
	will be
	have been
	will be being
	have been being
	had been

In den obenstehenden Beispielen wissen wir nicht, wer die Hunde füttert. Es ist nicht wichtig. Wichtig ist, dass die Hunde Futter erhalten.

Wenn wir die Person oder Sache, die die Handlung durchführt, miteinbeziehen möchten, können wir die Präposition „von" verwenden:

• The dogs are being fed by a charity worker.

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Übungen

Vervollständigen Sie die Sätze mit der richtigen Passivform des Simple Past für das Verb in Klammern:

.

1)

The Eiffel Tower    in 1889. (build)

 

2)

Two World Wars    during the 20th century. (fight)

 

3)

How many sonnets    by William Shakespeare? (write)

 

4)

The internet    by many different people. (create)

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Further practice

.

1)

The orchestra ____ by Mario Lopez.
 

will be conducted

will being conducted

conducts

be conducted

 

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2)

The houses ____.
 

has been demolished

be demolished

have demolished

have been demolished

 

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3)

The costumes ____ by the art department.
 

is being prepared

are being prepared

are been prepared

is prepared

 

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4)

The new law ____.
 

have been passed

going to be passed

will passed

is going to be passed

 

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5)

The trees ____ cut down.
 

were being

was being

were been

had being

 

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6)

The grass ____ cut too many times.
 

have been

is been

had been

will been

 

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Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Weitere Anmerkungen zum Sprachgebrauch

Wir können das Passiv verwenden, wenn wir nicht sagen wollen, wer oder was die Handlung durchgeführt hat:

• "I’m sorry but your vase was broken."
• "My homework was lost."
• "The accounts have been messed up."

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Modalverben können im Passiv verwendet werden:

Present

Aktiv – The staff should make the beds every day.
Passiv – The beds should be made every day.

Past
Aktiv – The staff should have made the beds every day.
Passiv – The beds should have been made every day.

Sprachmerkmale für Fortgeschrittene

Weitere Beispiele für das Passiv:

• Futur II –
  The dogs will have been fed.
• Futur II in der Verlaufsform –
  The dogs will have been being fed.
• Plusquamperfekt in der Verlaufsform –
  The dogs had been being fed.

Während es grammatikalisch korrekt ist, werden die Verlaufsformen des Perfekts in der Regel nicht im Passiv verwendet. Die Situation tritt in der Regel nicht ein und so klingt es eher umständlich.