Introdução

"wish"

POdemos usar "wish":

• para expressar um desejo por algo no futuro, em um tom formal ou educado:
  "I wish to attend the meeting."
• para expressar um desejo por algo no futuro para outra pessoa, geralmente usando expressões fixas:
  "I wish him the best of luck."

"wish" / "if only"

Podemos usar "wish" e "if only" para expressar um desejo improvável ou impossível ou um lamento:

• com opassado simples para expressar um desejo impossível no presente:
  • "I wish I lived in the countryside."
  • "If only I lived in the countryside."
    I don’t live in the countryside in the present so this desire is impossible.
  
  
• com opassado perfeito para expressar um arrependimento sobre o passado:
  • "I wish I hadn't eaten the prawns."
  • "If only I hadn't eaten the prawns."
    I regret that I ate the prawns in the past.
  
  
• comwould/could para expressar um desejo que nós acreditamos ser improvável ou impossível no presente:
  • "I wish he would save money."
  • "I wish he could save money."
  • "If only he would save money."
  • "If only he could save money."
    not "I wish he will/can save money."
    I do not believe that he can/will save money, so this is an impossible desire about his ability in the present to save money.

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O modo subjuntivo

Expressões que usam "wish" e "if only" asão exemplos do modo subjuntivo, que é usado para expressar desejos improváveis ou impossíveis (ou recomendações, sem "wish" / "if only"). No modo subjuntivo, só usamos "were" (e não "was"):

• com o passado simples de "be":
  • "I wish he were on holiday."
  • "If only he were on holiday."
  • (e não "was here")
    He is not on holiday so this is an impossible desire in the present.
  
  
• com o passado contínuo:
  • "I wish I were going on holiday."
  • "If only I were going on holiday."
  • (not "was going")
    Eu não estou saindo de férias, então este desejo é impossível no presente ou no futuro.

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Cláusula condicional

Podemos usar "wish" e "if only" para descrever uma condição imaginada ou impossível no passado ou no presente, seguido por uma cláusula principal que descreve o resultado imaginado.

Segunda estrutura condicional link to worksheet) para desejos impossíveis no presente:

• "If only I didn't have a headache, I would/could go to the party tonight."
• "I wish I didn't have a headache, then I would/could go to the party tonight."
  A situação real e o resultado: Eu tenho uma dor de cabeça por isso a intenção desejada/capacidade no presente de ir a festa é um resultado imaginado.

Terceira estrutura condicional link to worksheet):

• "If only I'd taken the train, I would have arrived at the destination by now."
• "I wish I'd taken the train; I would have arrived at the destination by now."
  A situação real e o resultado: eu não peguei o trem e eu não cheguei ao destino de modo que este é um resultado imaginado no passado.

Formulário - "wish"

Usamos o presente simples de "wish" para expressar um presente de desejo por algo no futuro.

• Para expressar um desejo em um tom formal ou educado:
  Sujeito + "wish" + "to" + infinitivo
  
  

  Positivo	I You We They	wish	to attend	the meeting.
  	He / She / It	wishes
  Negativo	I You We They	don't wish
  	He / She / It	doesn't wish

  
  

  pergunta	Do	I you we they	wish	to attend	the meeting?
  	Does	he / she / it

  
  
• Para expressar um desejo:
  Sujeito + "wish" + pronome objeto
  
  

  Positivo	I You We They	wish	me you us them him / her / it	the best of luck.
  	He / She / It	wishes
  Negativo	I You We They	don't wish
  	He / She / It	doesn't wish

  
  

  pergunta	Do	I you we they	wish	me you us them him / her / it	the best of luck?
  	Does	he / she / it

  
  
• Nós usamos o passado simples de "wish" para descrever um desejo que foi expresso no passado:
  • "She wished him the best of luck."

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Pratique

Complete as frases usando "wish" e o verbo entre parêntesis (quando aplicável):
.

1)

I    with the manager, please. (speak)

 

2)

She    him a happy birthday.

 

3)

He    at the conference. (not present)

 

4)

We    you a happy anniversary.

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Formulário - "wish" / "if only"

Nós não usamos "if only" na forma de pergunta.

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Forma:

• compassado simples e pronome sujeito para expressar um desejo impossível no presente:
  
  "wish"
  
  

  Positivo	I You We They	wish	I you we they he / she / it	lived	in the countryside.
  	He / She / It	wishes
  Negativo	I You We They	don't wish
  	He / She / It	doesn't wish

  
  

  pergunta	Do	I you we they	wish	I you we they he / she / it	lived	in the countryside?
  	Does	he / she / it

  
  "if only"
  
  

  Positivo	If only	I you we they he / she / it	lived	in the countryside.
  Negativo			didn't live

  
  
• compassado perfeito e pronome sujeito para expressar um arrependimento sobre o passado:
  
  "wish"
  
  

  Positivo	I You We They	wish	I you we they he / she it	had eaten	the prawns.
  	He / She / It	wishes
  Negativo	I You We They	don't wish		hadn't eaten
  	He She It	doesn't wish

  
  

  pergunta	Do	I you we they	wish	I you we they he / she / it	had eaten	the prawns?
  	Does	he / she / it			hadn't eaten	the prawns?

  
  "if only"
  
  

  Positivo	If only	I you we they he / she / it	had eaten	the prawns.
  Negativo			hadn't eaten

  
  
• comwould / could e pronome sujeito para expressar um desejo forte que acreditamos ser improvável ou impossível:
  
  "wish"
  
  

  Positivo	I You We They	wish	I you we they he / she / it	would save money. could speak Spanish.
  	He / She / It	wishes
  Negativo	I You We They	don't wish
  	He / She / It	doesn't wish

  
  

  pergunta

  Do

  I you we they

  wish

  I you we they he / she / it

  would save money? could speak Spanish?

  
  "if only"
  
  

  Positivo	If only	I you we they he / she / it	would could	save money. speak Spanish.
  Negativo			wouldn't couldn't

O modo subjuntivo

Forma:

• compassado simples do "be" e pronome sujeito:
  
  "wish"
  
  

  Positivo	I You We They	wish	I you we they he / she it	were weren't	here.
  	He She It	wishes
  Negativo	I You We They	don't wish
  	He She It	doesn't wish

  
  

  pergunta (positiva e negativa)	Do	I you we they	wish	I you we they he / she / it	were weren't	here?
  	Does	he / she / it

  
  "if only"
  
  

  Positivo	If only	I you we they he / she / it	were	here.
  Negativo			weren't

  
  
• com passado contínuo e sujeito pronome:
  
  "wish"
  
  

  Positivo	I You We They	wish	I you we they he / she / it	were going weren't going	on holiday.
  	He / She / It	wishes
  Negativo	I You We They	don't wish
  	He / She / It	doesn't wish

  
  

  pergunta	Do	I you we they	wish	I you we they he / she / it	were going weren't going	on holiday?
  	Does	he / she / it

  
  "if only"
  
  

  Positivo	If only	I you we they he / she / it	were going	on holiday.
  Negativo			weren't going

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Cláusula condicional

• Segunda estrutura condicional (worksheet link):
  
  "if only"
  
  Nós podemos mudar a ordem da cláusula condicional sem mudar o significado, por exemplo:
  
  

  Cláusula condicional	Cláusula principal
  "If only" + Sujeito + passado simples + vírgula	Sujeito + "would" / "could"
  If only I didn't have a headache,	I would / could go to the party tonight.

  
  

  Cláusula principal	Cláusula condicional
  Sujeito + "would" / "could"	"if only" + Sujeito + passado simples
  I would / could go to the party tonight	if only I didn't have a headache.

  
  
  "wish"
  
  Nós usamos "then" para mostrar que a cláusula principal é o resultado direto da cláusula condicional. Não podemos inverter a ordem das cláusulas, como fizemos com o “if”:
  
  

  Cláusula condicional com "wish"	Cláusula principal
  Sujeito + "wish" + sujeito + passado simples + vírgula	"then" + sujeito + "would" / "could"
  I wish I didn't have a headache	then I would/could go to the party tonight.

  
  
• Terceira estrutura condicional (worksheet link):
  
  "if only"
  
  Nós podemos mudar a ordem da cláusula condicional sem mudar o significado, por exemplo:
  
  

  Cláusula condicional	Cláusula principal
  "If only" + sujeito + passado Perfeito + vírgula	sujeito + "would have" / "could have"
  If only I had taken the train,	I would have / could have arrived by now.

  
  

  Cláusula principal	Cláusula condicional
  Sujeito + "would" / "could"	"if only" + Sujeito + passado simples
  I would have / could have arrived by now	if only I had taken the train.

  
  
  "wish"
  
  Nós usamos um ponto e vírgula (;) para agregar as cláusulas em uma única frase. Neste caso, não usar "then", porque a expectativa / possibilidade do horário de chegada acontece ao mesmo tempo que tomar o trem. Não podemos inverter a ordem das cláusulas, como fizemos com o "if":
  
  

  Cláusula condicional com "wish"	Cláusula principal
  Sujeito + "wish" + sujeito + Passado Perfeito + ponto e vírgula	sujeito + "would have" / "could have"
  I wish I had taken the train;	I would have / could have arrived by now.

Pratique ainda mais

Complete as frases com a resposta correta de a, b, c ou d:
.

1)

They ____ hadn't taken the wrong turning.
 

wish they

wishes them

if only they

if only them

 

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2)

____ had studied harder, he could have passed his exams.
 

He wishes he

He wish him

If only he

If only him

 

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3)

____ spoke Spanish.
 

She wishes them

If only her

She wishes she

If only them

 

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4)

____ her colleague ____ with her.
 

She wishes / was

If only / were

She wish / were

If only / was

 

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5)

She ____ harder to finish the project by the deadline.
 

wishes he were trying

wishes he was trying

wishes him were trying

wish he were trying

 

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6)

____ earlier, they would have finished by now.
 

If only they had started

She wishes them had started

If only them had started

She wish they had started

 

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Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit