Pretérito perfeito

Introdução

Nós usamos o pretérito perfeito para descrever:

ações que terminaram antes de outra ação passada ou evento
fatos ou experiências que eram verdadeiras, antes de uma ação ou acontecimento passado.

Exemplos:

They had taken many French lessons by the time they moved to France.
Eles foram para a França no passado. Eles tiveram aulas de francês antes disso.
I hadn't eaten Mexican food before I went to Mexico last August.
Eu comi comida mexicana pela primeira vez, quando fui para o México em agosto do ano passado.

Formulário

Formamos o pretérito perfeito com "had" + particípio passado:

Positivo	I / You / We / They He / She / It	'd had	been	there before.
Negativo		hadn't had not

pergunta

Had

I / you / we / they
he / she / it

been

there before?

Exemplos

I had been to Thailand twice before I got a job there.
Arrumei um emprego na Tailândia no passado. Fui para a Tailândia duas vezes antes disso.
He hadn’t heard Mozart’s music when he bought the tickets for the concert.
Ele não ouvia a música de Mozart antes de comprar os ingressos para o concerto.
Had they read the book before they saw the film?
Eles viram o filme no passado. Será que eles leram o livro antes disso?

Pratique

Complete as frases com a pretérito perfeito positivo, na forma negativa ou interrogatória do verbo entre parêntesis:

.

1)

I to see him at the party last night but he wasn’t there. (expect)

2)

They that it was raining when they left the house. (not realise)

3)

he the company before he went for the interview? (research)

4)

They didn’t receive my letter because I it to the wrong address. (send)

Pratique ainda mais

Complete as frases com a resposta correta de a, b, c ou d:
.

1)

We ____ to go to China for many years before we went last summer.

had wants

had want

has wanted

'd wanted

2)

She ____ him for many years before they got married.

had known

'd knew

'd know

had knew

3)

They didn’t buy a map because they ____ there many times before.

has been

'd being

had being

'd been

4)

____ the ending of the film before it finished?

You guessed had

Had you guessed

You had guessed

Had guessed you

5)

She hadn’t ____ any French before she went to France.

speak

spoke

spoken

speaks

6)

____ before the meeting started?

Had they prepared

They had prepared

Had they prepare

They'd prepare

Ponto de linguagem adicional

Nós usamos o pretérito perfeito com "ever" / "never" para descrever a experiência do sujeito em um momento no passado (nós usamos o presente perfeito para descrever a experiência do sujeito, até o presente):