Introducción

Se usa el presente perfecto para describir el pasado cuando afecta al presente, por ejemplo,

• para hablar de experiencias pasadas
• para algo que comenzó en el pasado y sigue siendo verdad
• describir cambios.

Ejemplos:

• I have been to that restaurant twice.
• Emily has worked in the city for many years.
• Your hair has grown since last year.

Forma 1 - Presente perfecto afirmativo

Para formar el presente perfecto afirmativo se usa
"have" + participio pasado.

Asunto	"have"	participio pasado
I You We They	have 've	been	to India.
He / She / It	has 's

Participios pasados

Con verbos regulares , que forman el participio pasado mediante la adición de "d ", "ed" o "ied "al final, por ejemplo:

verbos regulares
infinitivo	participio pasado
receive	received	"-d" para los verbos regulares que terminan en "e"
work	worked	"-ed" para los verbos regulares que terminan en consonante
study	studied	"-ied" para los verbos regulares que terminan en consonante y en "y"

Los participios pasados de verbos irregulares son diferentes y deben aprenderse por separado, por ejemplo:

verbos irregulares
infinitivo	participio pasado
be	been
do	done
eat	eaten
find	found
go	gone
grow	grown
have	had
make	made
see	seen

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Práctica

Complete las frases con la forma del presente perfecto en forma afirmativa del verbo entre paréntesis:
.

1)

I    that movie three times. (see)

 

2)

David and Sarah    every day for their exams. (study)

 

3)

Tom    breakfast for us. (make)

 

4)

Our company    in the last five years. (grow)

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Forma 2 - Presente perfecto negativo

Para formar el presente perfecto negativo, se usa
"have not" + participio pasado.

Asunto	"have not"	participio pasado
I You We They	have not haven't 've not	eaten	breakfast yet.
He / She / It	has not hasn't 's not

Ejemplos:

• I haven't been to Paris before.
• My order hasn't arrived yet.
• My parents haven't finished painting the house.

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Práctica

Complete las frases con la forma negativa del presente perfecto del verbo entre paréntesis:
.

1)

I    a holiday this year. (have)

 

2)

Sarah    to Italy before. (be)

 

3)

He    his homework yet. (do)

 

4)

We    Tom since last Friday. (see)

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Forma 3 - Presente perfecto en forma interrogativa

Para formar el presente perfecto en forma interrogativa, se usa
"have" + sujeto + participio pasado.

"have"	Asunto	participio pasado
Have	I you we they	seen	my purse?
Has	he / she / it

Ejemplos:

• Have you been to Italy before?
• Has it stopped raining?
• How long have you studied English?

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Práctica

Complete las frases con la forma interrogativa del presente perfecto del verbo entre paréntesis:
.

1)

   you    Tom this week? (see)

 

2)

   Sarah    to the airport yet? (go)

 

3)

   Clara    dinner yet? (eat)

 

4)

Who    she    to the party? (invite)

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Más práctica

Complete las frases con la respuesta correcta de a, b, c ó d:
.

1)

They ____ my letter yet.
 

hasn't receive

hasn't received

haven't receive

haven't received

 

---

2)

____ David ____ his car keys?
 

Has / find

Have / find

Has / found

Have / found

 

---

3)

You are late. Where ____ you ____?
 

have / be

had / been

have / been

has / be

 

---

4)

James ____ at the company for five years.
 

has worked

have worked

has work

have work

 

---

5)

I ____ Clare for a long time.
 

haven't see

hasn't see

hasn't seen

haven't seen

 

---

6)

David ____ a beard.
 

have grow

has grow

have grown

has grown

 

---

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Más aspectos lingüisticos:

También se usa la forma afirmativa del presente perfecto con "always" y "never".
Usando
"never" hace que el significado sea negativo:

Asunto	"have"	período de tiempo	participio pasado
I You We They	have	always never	lived	in the city.
He She It	has

También se usa la forma interrogativa del presente perfecto con “always” y “ever”.

"have"	Asunto	período de tiempo	participio pasado
Have	I you we they	always never	lived	in the city.
Has	he she it

Ejemplos:

• Have you ever been to Mexico?
• Has she always lived in Paris?