Introducción

Se usa el presente perfecto para describir el pasado cuando afecta al presente, por ejemplo,

• para hablar de experiencias pasadas
• para algo que comenzó en el pasado y sigue siendo verdad
• describir cambios.

Ejemplos:

• I have been to that restaurant twice.
• Emily has worked in the city for many years.
• Your hair has grown since last year.

Forma 1 - Presente perfecto afirmativo

Para formar el presente perfecto afirmativo se usa
"have" + participio pasado.

Sujeto:	"have"	participio pasado
I You We They	have 've	been	to India.
He / She / It	has 's

Participios pasados

Con verbos regulares , que forman el participio pasado mediante la adición de "d ", "ed" o "ied "al final, por ejemplo:

verbos regulares
infinitivo	participio pasado
receive	received	"-d" para los verbos regulares que terminan en "e"
work	worked	"-ed" para los verbos regulares que terminan en consonante
study	studied	"-ied" para los verbos regulares que terminan en consonante y en "y"

Los participios pasados de verbos irregulares son diferentes y deben aprenderse por separado, por ejemplo:

verbos irregulares
infinitivo	participio pasado
be	been
do	done
eat	eaten
find	found
go	gone
grow	grown
have	had
make	made
see	seen

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Práctica

Complete las frases con la forma del presente perfecto en forma afirmativa del verbo entre paréntesis:

• I that movie three times. (see)
   
• David and Sarah every day for their exams. (study)
   
• Tom breakfast for us. (make)
   
• Our company in the last five years. (grow)
   

Compruebe sus respuestas

Forma 2 - Presente perfecto negativo

Para formar el presente perfecto negativo, se usa
"have not" + participio pasado.

Sujeto:	"have not"	participio pasado
I You We They	have not haven't 've not	eaten	breakfast yet.
He / She / It	has not hasn't 's not

Ejemplos:

• I haven't been to Paris before.
• My order hasn't arrived yet.
• My parents haven't finished painting the house.

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Práctica

Complete las frases con la forma negativa del presente perfecto del verbo entre paréntesis:

• I a holiday this year. (have)
   
• Sarah to Italy before. (be)
   
• He his homework yet. (do)
   
• We Tom since last Friday. (see)
   

Compruebe sus respuestas

Forma 3 - Presente perfecto en forma interrogativa

Para formar el presente perfecto en forma interrogativa, se usa
"have" + sujeto + participio pasado.

"have"	Sujeto:	participio pasado
Have	I you we they	seen	my purse?
Has	he / she / it

Ejemplos:

• Have you been to Italy before?
• Has it stopped raining?
• How long have you studied English?

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Práctica

Complete las frases con la forma interrogativa del presente perfecto del verbo entre paréntesis:

• you Tom this week? (see)
   
• Sarah to the airport yet? (go)
   
• Clara dinner yet? (eat)
   
• Who she to the party? (invite)
   

Compruebe sus respuestas

Más práctica

Complete las frases con la respuesta correcta de a, b, c ó d:

• They ____ my letter yet.


hasn't received haven't receive haven't received hasn't receive



• ____ David ____ his car keys?


Has / find Have / found Have / find Has / found



• You are late. Where ____ you ____?


has / be have / been had been have / be



• James ____ at the company for five years.


has worked have work have worked has work



• I ____ Clare for a long time.


hasn't see hasn't seen haven't see haven't seen 



• David ____ a beard.


have grown has grow has grown have grow

Compruebe sus respuestas

Más aspectos lingüisticos:

También se usa la forma afirmativa del presente perfecto con "always" y "never".
Usando
"never" hace que el significado sea negativo:

Sujeto:	"have"	período de tiempo	participio pasado
I You We They	have	always never	lived	in the city.
He She It	has

También se usa la forma interrogativa del presente perfecto con “always” y “ever”.

"have"	Sujeto:	período de tiempo	participio pasado
Have	I you we they	always never	lived	in the city.
Has	he she it

Ejemplos:

• Have you ever been to Mexico?
• Has she always lived in Paris?