Εισαγωγή

Η αντιστροφή περιλαμβάνει την αλλαγή της θέσης του υποκειμένου με το βοηθητικό ρήμα.

Χρησιμοποιούμε την αντιστροφή:

• Όταν ξεκινάμε μια πρόταση με μια αρνητική επιρρηματική έκφραση, μια επιρρηματική έκφραση που δηλώνει τόπο ή απλά ένα επίρρημα
• Με: "only after", "only if", "only when", κτλ. όταν τοποθετούνται στην αρχή μιας πρότασης, για ρητορικό αποτέλεσμα
• Στις υποθετικές προτάσεις χωρίς το "if"
• Για αν δώσουμε έμφαση, συνήθως ακούγεται πιο επίσημο.

Παραδείγματα

• "Under no circumstances should you open the box."
  (You should not open the box.)
   
• "On the table were three old books."
  (Three old books were on the table.)
   
• "Hardly had I entered the room when the orchestra began to play."
  (I had hardly entered the room when the orchestra began to play.)
   
• "Only when it started raining did he give me the umbrella."*
  (He gave me the umbrella only when it started raining.)
   

* Σημείωσε ότι η αντιστροφή συμβαίνει στην κύρια πρόταση, έπειτα από εκφράσεις όπως το only after, only if, only when.

Επιπλέον παραδείγματα

• "Had I gone to university, I might have been a doctor."
  (If I had gone to university, I might have been a doctor.)
   
• "Had I not gone to university, I wouldn’t have been a doctor."
  (If I hadn’t gone to university, I wouldn’t have been a doctor.)
   
• "Had you gone to university, would you have been a doctor?"
  (If you had gone to university, would you have been a doctor?)

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Μερικές κοινές επιρρηματικές λέξεις / φράσεις

• Never (before), Rarely, Seldom…
• Under no circumstances…
• Hardly, Scarcely …when…
• No sooner…than…
• Little…
• In no way…
• Not only…but…
• On no account…
• At no time…

Παραδείγματα

• As soon as I arrived, the music started.
  "No sooner did I arrive than the music started."
   
• You mustn’t have the music too loud.
  "On no account must you have the music too loud." *
   
• He’d never seen anything like it before.
  "Never before had he seen anything like it." *
   
• I’d never seen the film.
  "At no time had I (ever) seen the film." *

* Σημείωσε ότι ένα αρνητικό ρήμα μετατρέπεται σε ένα καταφατικό ρήμα, όταν ακολουθείται από μια αρνητική επιρρηματική φράση.

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Εξάσκηση

Μετάτρεψε τις ακόλουθες προτάσεις:

.

1)

You mustn't let the dog off its lead.
Under no circumstances    the dog off its lead.

 

2)

She had never been there.
At no time    there.

 

3)

I am hardly ever late for work.
Rarely    late for work.

 

4)

This is not acceptable.
In no way    acceptable.

 

Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit

Περισσότερη εξάσκηση

Διάλεξε τη σωστή επιλογή a, b, c ή d:
.

1)

Seldom ____ on holiday as children.
 

did we go

we went

we did go

went we

 

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2)

Scarcely ____ the house when it started to rain.
 

they hadn't left

they left

they had left

had they left

 

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3)

____ more hard-working, she would have a job.
 

She was

If were she

Were she

She were

 

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4)

Out in the garden ____.
 

birds aren't

are there birds

are birds

birds are

 

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5)

On no account ____ the phone.
 

should you answer

you should answer

you shouldn't answer

answer you

 

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6)

Not only ____ but he was rude as well.
 

was he late

he was late

late was he

he wasn't late

 

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Please submit the missing answers shown in red
 

Submit